Roman versus Greek

The King James Version Bible was heavily influenced by the Latin Vulgate Bible. One example of this is in Acts 14:12, where the people called Paul Hermes in the Greek, but the KJV says Mercury there, which was the Roman version of the messenger god, or the god who ruled communication and speech. The American Standard Version was the last translation to keep the Roman Mercury.
KJV – Mercurius
ASV – Mercury
ESV – Hermes
NASB – Hermes
NIV – Hermes
NRSV – Hermes
CSB – Hermes

Another example is Mars Hill, in Acts 17:19-34, where the Greek actually says Aries Hill. Mars was the Roman version of the god of war, while Aries the Greek version. A few English translations say Mars Hill, but most translations here cop out, and just transliterate the Greek phrase as Areopagus.

Read my translation of the Acts of the Apostles.

True Son Timothy

In 1 Timothy 1:2, The King James Version says “to Timothy, my OWN son in the faith.” The Greek word is γνησίῳ. Other translations render this word as follows:
ESV, NIV, NASB, CSB, NAB- true
ISV, NET – genuine
NRSV- loyal
I think this means “true son” in the sense of 2 Cor. 5:16, “Therefore from now on we know no man after the flesh” and Matt. 12:50, “For whoever does the will of my Father in heaven, that person is my brother
and sister and mother.”

GA 0319 in Philemon

I have collated 0319 for the main variants in Philemon as follows:

v. 2 – τη αγαπητη with TR RP, versus τη αδελφη – NA28

v. 6a – εν ημιν with RP NA28, versus εν υμιν – 𝔓⁶¹ 𝔓¹³⁹vid TR

v. 6b – χριστον ιησουν with TR RP, versus χριστον – 𝔓¹³⁹ NA28

v. 7 – χαραν with TR NA28, versus χαριν – RP

v. 9 – ιησου χριστου with TR RP, versus χριστου ιησου – NA28

v. 10 – δεσμοις 0319* with NA28, versus 0319c-vid – δεσμοις μου with TR RP

v. 11 – δε σοι with TR RP, versus δε [και] σοι – NA28

v. 12 –
σοι συ δε αυτον τουτ’ εστιν τα εμα σπλαγχνα προσλαβου with C² D versus
συ δε αυτον τουτ’ εστιν τα εμα σπλαγχνα προσλαβου – TR RP versus
σοι αυτον τουτ’ εστιν τα εμα σπλαγχνα – NA28

v. 17 – ουν με with RP NA28, versus ουν εμε – TR

v. 18 – ελλογει with TR RP, versus ελλογα – NA28

v. 20 – σπλαγχνα εν κυριω with TR RP, versus σπλαγχνα εν χριστω – NA28

v. 21 – ο λεγω with TR RP, versus α λεγω – NA28

v. 23 – ασπαζονται with TR RP, versus ασπαζεται – NA28

v. 25a – κυριου ημων with TR RP, versus κυριου – NA28

v. 25b – υμων αμην with TR RP, versus υμων – NA28

Updated 2026 Robinson-Pierpont

I have uploaded new, updated Robinson-Pierpont Greek New Testament files. The latest, 2026 change is that in Romans 13:9, σεαυτόν has been changed to ἑαυτόν, joining the Textus Receptus. I also added a few iota subscripts that were lacking in the 2005 edition.
You can download the new editions from the links below:

The one with the Nestle-Aland variants: https://bibletranslation.ws/down/Robinson_Pierpont_GNT.pdf
The one without the variants: https://bibletranslation.ws/down/Robinson_Pierpont_GNT_NV.pdf

The Best AI

People have asked Grok and other AI chat bots if the Greek name Ἰησοῦς is declinable. Most of them did poorly. However, Enoch answered very well:

Yes, the Greek name Ἰησοῦς is indeed declinable. It is a second-declension masculine noun, and it declines as follows:-
Nominative: Ἰησοῦς
Genitive: Ἰησοῦ
Dative: Ἰησοῦ
Accusative: Ἰησοῦν
Vocative: Ἰησοῦ

You can try Enoch at https://brighteon.ai

Enoch and the Sermon on the Mount

Many people are familiar with the statement of Jesus Christ on the Sermon on the Mount that the meek will inherit the earth. I found a very similar statement in the Greek text of the Book of Enoch, in 5:6:

“And all the humble servants will rejoice, and there will be for them a ransoming of sins, and a release of all compassion and peace and reasonableness. There will be for them healing, pleasant light. And they will inherit the earth.”

The Greek word for “humble servant” in this passage is ἁμάρτοι, 3rd sg pres opt act attic epic doric contr of the verb ἁμαρτέω. I wonder if this verb ἁμαρτέω every got confused with the verb ἁμαρτάνω, to sin. The verb ἁμαρτέω means to be an attendant serving someone. The Greek word translated “meek” can also be translated as “humble.”

I am constantly struck with how often Jesus and the apostles and other Bible writers showed familiarity with the Book of Enoch. You can download my ongoing translation of Greek Enoch here.